栽培甜菜和白花甜菜种间杂交后代无融合生殖的观察

栽培甜菜和白花甜菜杂交获得的Ｆ＿１代以栽培甜菜连续回交产生了Ｂ＿１Ｆ＿２代和Ｂ＿２Ｆ＿３代￣［４］．在Ｂ＿２Ｆ＿３代中，２ｎ＝２７的植株达３０．１９％，推测其中大多数染色体组仍为ＶＶＣ。具有ＶＶＣ染色体组的核型中，含９个白花甜菜校长的染色体和１８个较短的栽培甜菜染色体，差别明显，易于区分。我们通过对Ｂ＿１Ｆ＿２（Ｂ１４，２ｎ＝２７）和Ｂ＿２Ｆ－３（２ｎ＝２７）植株间形态特征相似性比较、两个世代植株有丝分裂特异核型比较、两类植株减粉分裂行为比较、过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱相似性比较，有力地证明了栽培甜菜和白花甜菜种间杂交后代中，从Ｂ＿１Ｆ＿２（Ｂ１４）到Ｂ＿２Ｆ＿３之间传递上存在着无融合生殖现象。     

甜菜属种间杂交方法的研究

本文报道了甜菜属组间远缘种杂交困难的克服方法。观察到糖甜菜初级三体对B.corolliflora,B.Procumbens杂交的成功率为9％～41％,单体异附加系为12.5％～60％,说明远缘杂交中基因型构成有重要作用,三体及异附加系是良好的桥梁材料。发现B.vulgaris×B.patula→F_1,对前两个物种及B.Patellaris杂交成功率为20％～60％,说明它们不仅是良好的桥梁材料,而且所获三杂种材料可能具有重要的潜力。添加赤霉素、延迟及重复授粉只有辅助作用。生根素及受精胚珠培养是保证杂种存活的重要措施。     

解决四倍体西瓜工厂化生产中常见问题的途径

西瓜四倍体工厂化生产中存在试管苗玻璃化,黄化死亡,鳞片状分化、不生根等不利问题,在MS中NH4NO3含量减半的情况下,前两者可得到有效的控制;用连续增殖,连续壮苗的方法,解决了西瓜四倍体鳞片状分化的难题;用茎尖扩繁的最佳培养为MS（含量半量NH4NO3）＋2.0mg/L BA 0.2-0.3mg/L NAA;利用混合添加生长素（0．1mg/L IBA 0.1mg/NAA）有效的防止了四倍体多次继代不生根现象,为西瓜四倍体无性系保存及工厂化生产提供了完整的技术体系。     

Mucus characterisation in the Octopus vulgaris skin throughout its life cycle

The development of the epidermis of octopus, Octopus vulgaris, throughout its life cycle was studied by conventional staining and histochemical techniques using lectins. The mantle, the arm and the two parts of the suckers: the infundibulum and the acetabulum were analysed independently. With the exception of the suckers, the general morphology of the epidermis does not vary from the first days post-hatching to adulthood. In general terms, histochemical techniques do not indicate changes in the composition of glycoconjugates of the epidermis main cells, epithelial and secretory cells. The epithelial cells of the mantle and arm show positivity for mannose (ConA+) in their apical portions, indicating the presence of n-glycoproteins that, among other things, provide lubrication to the surface of the body. In the suckers, the apical surface of the infundibulum contains sulphated glycosaminoglycans of the N-acetylglucosamine type that provide adhesive properties. In addition to observing three types of mucocytes, m1 and m2 are characteristic of the mantle and arm, and m3 is found in the suckers. The paralarva epidermis is characterised by the presence of Kölliker's organs whose exact function is unknown. In this study, the absence of staining with alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff(AB/PAS) prevents the possibility of attributing a secretory function. Nevertheless, the linkage of three lectins (WGA, LEL and GSL-I) in the fascicle of the organ suggests the presence of proteoglycans rich in N-acetylglucosamine that would mainly have a structural role.     

砂地柏杀虫作用研究概况

概述了杀虫植物砂地柏 (Sabina vulgaris Ant.)中杀虫活性物质的化学特性、活性强度、作用方式、作用机理、构效关系及应用等方面的研究情况及进展。通过对砂地柏杀虫作用研究结果的总结和分析 ,为其开发和实际应用研究提供依据     

葡萄糖酸锌用于艾叶护绿研究初报

以艾叶为试材,进行单因素、双向随机分组试验,研究葡萄糖酸锌浓度及处理介质,pH值对其护绿的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖酸锌用量及pH值对护绿作用影响分别达极显著差异水平(P<0.0001);葡萄糖酸锌浓度、pH值的不同水平搭配对护绿效果影响差异极显著;两因素对护绿影响存在极显著互作效应,葡萄糖酸锌浓度、pH值的水平搭配不同存在增强或削弱护绿效果的作用。     

GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND CONVENTIONAL DRY BEAN GENOTYPE RESPONSES TO SOIL FERTILITY

Dry bean is important pulse for the diet of South American population and results related to comparison of genetically modified and conventional dry bean genotypes to soil fertility are limited. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare genetically modified and conventional dry bean genotypes to soil fertility. Genotypes evaluated were Olathe Pinto, Olathe 5.1 (genetically modified), BRS Pontal, BRS Pontal 5.1 (genetically modified), Pérola and Pérola 5.1 (genetically modified). Fertility levels were 1 g fertilizer (5-30-15) kg^?1 soil (low fertility level) and 2 g fertilizer (5-30-15) per kg soil (high fertility level). These fertility levels were designated as low and high, respectively. Grain yield, number of pods per plants, and seed per pod were significantly increased with the increase in soil fertility. Shoot dry weight, seed per pod, and 100 seed weight were also significantly influenced by genotype treatment. Fertility X genotypes interaction was significant for maximum root length and root dry weight, indicating genotypes responded differently at two fertility levels in relations to these two traits. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, and grain harvest index had significant association with grain yield, indicating that increase in these three traits grain yield can be increased. Grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) was having significant linear association with grain yield. Hence, on the basis of GYEI, genotypes were classified as efficient (E), moderately efficient (ME), and inefficient in nutrient use. Three conventional genotypes (Olathe Pinto, BRS Pontal and Pérola) and one genetically modified genotype (Olathe Pinto 5.1) were classified as moderately efficient and two genetically modified genotypes (Pérola 5.1 and BRS Pontal 5.1) were classified as efficient. None of the genotypes fall into the inefficient group.     

Yield and yield components of two irrigated red bean cultivars and some soil properties as influenced by wheat residues and nitrogen management

Crop residues are beneficial substances affecting crop production and soil properties. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%) combined with N levels (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 kg ha^?1) on yield and yield components of two red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and to monitor chemical soil parameters. The experiment was conducted at Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran for two years (2008–2009). The experiment was conducted as a split–split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The highest seed yield was obtained when 25–50% of residues were incorporated. The highest seed yield, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed number per pod were obtained with 103.5 kg N ha^?1 with no significant difference to 69 kg N ha^?1. Residue incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as available K and P content. It is possible to sow red common bean as a double cropping by soil incorporation of 25–50% wheat residues with application of 69 kg N ha^?1.     

Synergistic effect of inoculating plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. and Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on growth and nutrient uptake of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Pseudomonas lurida-NPRp15 and Pseudomonas putida-PGRs4 possessing multiple plant growth-promoting traits were isolated from rhizoplane of pea and rhizosphere of garlic, respectively. The effects of individuals and combinations of Pseudomonas spp. with effective root nodulating symbiotic nitrogen fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield of the rajmash plant were studied under greenhouse conditions. Bacterial inoculation resulted in significantly higher values for plant dry biomass, N, P, K, Zn and Fe contents as compared to the uninoculated control. Furthermore, dual inoculation of P. lurida-NPRp15 with R. leguminosarum-FB1 significantly increased root and shoot dry weight, nodulation, nutrient uptake, pod yield, and nutrient content of pods of rajmash VL63 compared to controls, single and triple inoculation. The results of the study indicate the potential of harnessing the benefit of plant growth-promoting and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to improve the growth and yield of rajmash.     

Low root zone temperature effects on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli pre-incubated with methyl jasmonate and/or genistein

Abstract

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has recently been shown to act as a plant-to-bacteria signal. We tested the hypothesis that pre-induction of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells with genistein and/or MeJA would at least partially overcome the negative effects of low root zone temperature (RZT) on bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Otebo bean plants were grown at constant air temperature (25^oC) and two RZT regimes (25 and 17^oC) and inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli pre-induced with MeJA and/or genistein. Our results indicate that low RZT inhibited nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. The plants growing at low RZT began fixing nitrogen seven days later compared to those at higher RZT. The low RZT plants had fewer nodules, lower nodule weight, less N fixation, slower plant growth, fewer leaves, smaller leaf area, and less dry matter accumulation comared to plants at a higher RZT. Rhzobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells induced with genistein and/or MeJA enhanced bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs. The results of this study indicate that MeJA improves bean nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs, and can be used alone or in combination with genistein to partially overcome the low RZT induced inhibitory effects on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.